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Abstract. Long-term changes in sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) growth and wood density were studied using cores collected from 99 even-aged high forest stands between 56 and 187years old, located in northeastern and north-central France. Growth and density trends were tested by analysis of variance and covariance. Two models were applied to two samples, sample A and sample B (sample B being a...
Abstract. Specific conductivity (ks, m2s1MPa1) describes the permeability of xylem and is determined by all aspects of xylem anatomy that create resistance to the flow of water. Here we test the hypothesis that ks is a function of radial and vertical position within the stem, rather than solely a function of cambial age (ring number from the pith), by measuring ks on samples excised from 35-year-old...
The physical characteristics of wood are not usually considered as selection criteria when breeding perennial species that are grown for their fruits or seeds. In the coffee tree, stem breakage during harvesting and lodging during the growth period are major defects in some cultivars. These defects are linked to certain physical and mechanical properties of the wood, such as density or rigidity, which...
Neutron imaging is a new non-destructive testing method in wood science. It is similar to X-ray methods but with differing sensitivities for different elements. In this study, neutron imaging was used to ascertain the density profiles of thin spruce samples and compared with results generated with standard X-ray microdensitometry. Data obtained through neutron imaging were similar to those resulting...
Several models of the effects of silviculture, radial growth, and tree age on wood density have been developed, but they have rarely considered the roles of diverse seed origins and climate. We developed a model to test the effects of radial growth, tree age, climate, and seed-source origins on wood density in 21 diverse populations of jack pine in a common garden in Petawawa, Ontario, Canada over...
Cambial growth and wood properties respond to fluctuating environmental conditions. Understanding the nature of these responses is crucial to understanding their cumulative effect on the wood quality characteristics of a forest stand. This paper reports on a study conducted over a period of 3½ years in continuously irrigated, alternately irrigated and non-irrigated Eucalyptus globulus, in which changes...
Accurate measurement of sapwood depth (DS) is essential for calculating volumetric water use of individual trees and stands. Various methods are available to measure DS but their accuracy is rarely cross-validated. We sampled 15 Eucalyptus and 1 Corymbia species along a gradient of aridity and obtained reference values of DS in fresh wood cores using light microscopy, which represents our reference...
Radial growth and wood density are important traits in assessing wood quality. Our objective was to investigate patterns of variation of radial growth (ring width, earlywood width, latewood width, latewood proportion) and wood density (ring average density, earlywood density, latewood density) components in a 30-year-old Pinus brutia at two test sites in Turkey. Wood increment cores at a height of...
We studied intra-annual wood density profiles of Douglas-fir tree rings (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in southwestern Germany. Growth rates are variable around the tree circumference. This leads to differences in wood formation, which can be observed in the shape of the density profiles of the same tree ring measured in different radial directions. Due to this spatial variation in density...
Trees outside closed forest stands differ in the relation between stem diameter, height and crown volume from trees that grew with neighbours close by. Whether this plasticity in tree shape varies between species in relation to their light requirement is unknown. We purposefully sampled 528 trees ranging 5–100 cm diameter at breast height growing in a range of light conditions. Across ten broad-leaved...
The phenology of tree species in environments that are subject to strong climatic seasonality is mainly determined by water availability, which may vary as a function of wood density. The relationship among phenology, water potential, wood density and the capacity of water storage in the stem were determined for woody species of caatinga vegetation (dry forest) in the semiarid region of NE Brazil...
Riparian ecotones in the fynbos biome of South Africa are heavily invaded by woody invasive alien species, which are known to reduce water supply to downstream environments. To explore whether variation in species-specific functional traits pertaining to drought-tolerance exist, we investigated wood anatomical traits of key native riparian species and the invasive Acacia mearnsii across different...
In eucalypt plantations managed for solid-wood products, radial trends in wood density, microfibril angle (MFA) and stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MoE) are properties of potential commercial importance that can be affected by competition from neighbouring trees. In this study, wood properties at breast height (1.3 m) were studied on radial strips prepared from 12-mm pith-to-bark wood cores taken...
Across their natural distributions, tropical tree species are regularly exposed to seasonal droughts of varying intensities. Their ability to tolerate drought stress plays a vital role in determining growth and mortality rates, as well as shaping the functional composition of tropical forests. In order to assess the ability of species to acclimate to contrasting levels of drought stress, physiological...
Functional convergence in water use of trees across species from diverse geographic locations was examined using data on tree water use parameters, with the intention of gaining an understanding on the capacity for water transport for trees with varying structural and functional traits. Wood density (ρw), which is reported to have a negative exponential relation with sap flow density (SFD), showed...
In tropical dry forests, spatial heterogeneity in soil water availability is thought to determine interspecific differences in key components of resource use strategies, such as leaf phenology and xylem function. To understand the environmental drivers of variation in leaf phenology and xylem function, we explored the relation of soil water potential to topographic metrics derived from a digital elevation...
Studying the effects of dendrometric and climatic variables on within-ring density variations needs flexible and interpretable models. We described the within-ring density profile using a piecewise linear regression and studied its dependence on (1) dendrometric variables such as cambial age (CA) and ring width (RW), and (2) climatic variables. Based on X-ray analysis of 5,191 Norway spruce rings,...
Key messageAn experimental drought treatment, exacerbated by a natural drought event, compromised growth in Norway spruce, but more cavitation-resistant xylem was produced and no long-term growth reductions were observed. Abstract An experimental drought treatment in a mature Norway spruce forest that coincided with a rare drought event in southern Sweden in 1992, allowed us to study how such...
Key messageProxies of adaptive traits for resistance to drought were discovered among original annual ring density variables in Douglas fir. Abstract A comparison of dead and surviving Douglas fir trees following the 2003 drought was made to define proxies of adaptive traits for resistance to drought. Increment cores were sampled from trees from three French regions: Centre, Midi-Pyrénées and...
Key messageEmerging plant economics spectrum theories were confirmed across temperate forest systems of the eastern US where the use of a forest stand’s mean wood density elucidated forest volume and biomass production dynamics integrating aspects of climate, tree mortality/growth, and rates of site occupancy. Abstract As a tree’s functional trait of wood density has been used to refine models...
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